2011/07/03

Benefits and Side Effects katuk leaves


Generally leaves katuk (Sauropus androgynus) was used as a vegetable. In Indonesia the leaves are used to launch katuk breast milk, drug ulcers, boils, fever, and blood is dirty. Katuk leaves produced as efficacious preparation for the launch phytopharmaca breastfeeding (breast milk). Ten leaf preparations phytopharmaca katuk as facilitating breastfeeding has been circulating in Indonesia in 2000.
There are reports of lung damage in seven months after consumption of raw katuk leaves with a dose of 150 g / day and after 22 months of severe lung damage and permanen.Bahan and how: Using reference books, research results from within and abroad. Study include ecology, economics, efficacy, efeksamping, and hope the depan.Data analyzed descriptively.

Know Your Plants katuk
Katuk leaf is the leaf of the plant Sauropus adrogynus (L) Merr, family Euphorbiaceae. Local name: spying (Malay), Simani (Minangkabau), katuk (Sunda), Kebing and Katukan (Java), Kerakur (Madura). Found in various parts of India, Malaysia and Indonesia. In Indonesia to grow in the plains with an altitude of 0-2100 m above sea level.
This plant is shaped clump. The high reaches 2-3 m. Branches rather soft and divided leaves arranged alternately on the stem, oval to circular with a length of 2.5 cm and width from 1.25 to 3 cm. Flowers single or in groups of three. Fruit long-stemmed 1.25 cm. (2) Plants can be propagated by cuttings katuk of woody stems that have been, approximately 20 cm long seeded first. Having rooted around 2 weeks can be moved into the garden. Spacing of 30 cm long and 30 cm wide. After reaching 50-60 cm high pruning done in order to always get the young leaves and fresh.
In Bogor District has cultivated to increase the income of the population. In general katuk leaves used as vegetable. In Indonesia the leaves are used to launch katuk breast milk, drug ulcers, boils, fever, and blood is dirty. Leaf katuk been produced as efficacious preparation for the launch phytopharmaca milk. Ten facilitating milk containing katuk leaf has been circulating in Indonesia in 2000.

Cultivation katuk
Katuk plants cultivated in three villages of district Semplak Bogor district with an altitude 180-220m asl, latosol soil, rainfall type A (Schmidt & Ferguson) and the number of farmers around 100 people. Intensive maintenance can increase the productive life of 5-7 years to 11-12 years. The first harvest ranges from 3-4 tons / ha, then increased to 21-40 tons depending on the fertility of the soil. In the village of West Cilebut, Semplak Subdistrict, Bogor Regency katuk traditionally planted, harvested after 2 to 2.5 months of age, further pruning is done every 40-60 days. Yields ranged between 3-7 tons / ha, at a price of Rp500, 00/kg. Between plants include corn, cassava and papaya. It turned out that intercropping with cassava result is better than monocultures. 25% shade levels provide tebaik influence on the number of shoots, weight of wet leaves, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and root length. Cuttings 20 cm long and 5 g of nitrogen / tree the best effect on weight of wet leaves and roots.

Substances
The results of GCMS analysis of the hexane extract showed the presence of some aliphatic compounds. In the ether extract contained the major components which include: monomethyl succinic acid, benzoic acid and 2-fenilmalonat; as well as minor components include: terbutol, 2-propagiloksan, 4H-Appendix-4-on, 2-methoxy-6-methyl, 3-incompetent -2-one, 3 - (2-furanil), and palmitic acid. In the ethyl acetate extract contained the major components which include: sis-2-methyl-siklopentanol acetate. The content of the leaves katuk include protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins A, B, and C. pirolidinon, and methyl p-dodesilfenol piroglutamat as well as a minor component.
In 100 g of leaves contained katuk: energy 59 cal, 6.4 g protein, 1.0 g fat, 9.9 g carbohydrate, 1.5 g fiber, 1.7 g ash, 233 mg calcium, phosphorus 98 mg, 3.5 mg iron, carotene 10,020 mcg (vitamin A), B, and C 164 mg, and 81 g. water Plants can increase milk production katuk allegedly based on hormonal effects of the chemical content of sterols that are estrogenic. In previous studies katuk leaves contain ephedrine.

Pharmacological Effect
Leaf water katuk reproduce nutritious milk, for fever, boils, ulcers and blood dirty. Three researchers said katuk leaf infusion can increase milk production in mice. Katuk leaf infusion can increase the amount of each lobule asini mammary glands of mice. One researcher stated isolates phase ether and petroleum ether extract of leaves katuk not cause increased secretion of breast milk are meaningful. One researcher stated that the root dekok katuk have antipyretic effects of a dove.Katuk root infusion has a diuretic effect at a dose of 72 mg/100 g bb. Katuk vegetable consumption by nursing mothers can take time away from real women breastfeeding for babies and men only increase the frequency and duration of breastfeeding. Katuk leaves the boiling process can eliminate the anti-protozoal properties. Infusion of leaves katuk levels of 20%, 40%, and 80% in mice during the period of organogenesis did not cause birth defects (teratogenic) and does not cause resorbsi. Katuk raw leaf juice is used as a slimming in Taiwan.

Side effects
In Taiwan, 44 people consume raw katuk leaf juice (150 g) for 2 weeks - 7 months, side effects occur with symptoms of sleeplessness, bad eating and shortness of breath. Symptoms disappear after 40-44 days stop katuk leaf juice consumption. The results of biopsies from 12 patients showed bronchiolitis obliteration. (9) A number of 178 patients katuk raw leaf juice consumption with a dose of 150 g / day (60.7%), fried (16.9%), mixed (20.8%), and boiled ( 1.7%), for 7 months - 24 months. There are side effects after the use for 7 months of symptoms of moderate to severe obstructive bronchiolitis, whereas the consumption for 22 months or more symptoms of bronchiolitis causing permanent obliteration.
In America, since 1995 leaves katuk fries, salad leaves katuk, and beverages consumed by many people as drug antiobesitas (body slimming). Research carried out on 115 cases of bronchiolitis obliteration (110 women and 5 men), aged between 22-66 years who previously consumed katuk leaf. In pulmonary function tests seen moderate to severe obstruction. Treatment with a mixture of corticosteroids, bronchodilation, erythromycin, and immunosuppression is hardly nutritious substances. After 2 years of bronchiolitis obliteration of progression and death occurred in 6 patients (6.1%).
Katuk leaves the boiling process can eliminate the anti-protozoal properties. So it can be inferred warming can be reduced to eliminate toxicity katuk leaf.

Type of preparation leaves katuk
Of the 213 types of herbs originating from nine medicinal plants, found only 6 types of herbal medicine (2.8%) containing leaf katuk. Of the 6 types, 4 types of them have indications as facilitating breastfeeding.
2000 data show 10 species of leaf preparations phytopharmaca katuk as facilitating breastfeeding has been circulating in Indonesia.

Conclusion
Use of leaves as a herbal medicine or preparation katuk phytopharmaca is as facilitating breastfeeding. The main side effect is a constriction katuk leaves a permanent bronchiolitis.Facilitating the research side effects of breast milk to mothers and children has not been done in Indonesia penah. This study needs to be done, and if it has proven its safety then phytopharmaca leaf preparations have a chance to katuk recommended to be used.

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